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    Terms beginning with P

    116 terms from the estate's acronym catalogue.

    P1 / P2 (Position)Position 1 / 2
    Sequentially numbered defensive fighting positions in a defensive scheme of maneuver, used for sectoring and fires coordination.
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    PAPublic Affairs
    Communication activities that inform domestic and international audiences about military operations.
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    PAC-3Patriot Advanced Capability-3
    US terminal-phase BMD interceptor using hit-to-kill technology. Defends against tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and aircraft at ranges up to ~20 km.
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    PACEPrimary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency
    A methodology for building layered redundancy into communications and other plans.
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    PAEPower-Added Efficiency
    A metric of amplifier efficiency accounting for both RF output and input drive power.
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    PAFPayload Attach Fitting
    The structural adapter connecting a satellite to the launch vehicle upper stage.
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    PAMPrivileged Access Management
    Controls that secure, manage, and monitor accounts with elevated privileges.
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    PANPanchromatic Imagery
    Single-band grayscale imagery spanning a broad visible range, typically the highest-resolution product of a sensor.
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    Pan-sharpening
    An image fusion technique that merges high-resolution panchromatic data with lower-resolution multispectral data to produce a high-resolution colour image.
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    PANSHARPPan-Sharpening
    Fusing high-resolution panchromatic imagery with lower-resolution color bands to produce sharp color imagery.
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    PAPIPrecision Approach Path Indicator
    A set of runway lights that give pilots a visual indication of whether they are on the correct approach glide path.
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    PAPRPeak-to-Average Power Ratio
    The ratio of a signal peak power to its average, critical for amplifier linearity in OFDM.
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    PARPhased Array Radar
    A radar using an array of antenna elements whose relative phases are controlled to steer the beam electronically.
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    Paradigm Shift
    A fundamental change in the underlying assumptions, models, or practices of a field. Coined by Thomas Kuhn (1962). In aerospace/defence: piston→jet propulsion, analogue→digital flight control, exquisite→proliferated space architecture.
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    Partitioning (ARINC 653)
    Spatial and temporal isolation between software functions on a shared processor. Spatial = memory protection prevents one partition from corrupting another; temporal = deterministic time-slice schedule prevents one partition from starving another. Foundation of IMA certifiability.
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    Pass (Satellite)
    A single communication window during which a non-GEO satellite is visible above minimum elevation angle from a ground station. Duration and max elevation drive data throughput.
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    Passivation
    End-of-life procedure to deplete all stored energy (propellant, battery charge, pressurized systems) in a spacecraft to prevent post-mission explosions that create debris.
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    Patched Conic
    An approximation method for interplanetary trajectory design that treats each gravity field (Sun, departure planet, arrival planet) independently and "patches" the solutions at the sphere of influence boundaries.
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    Pattern of Life
    The recurrent activities, locations, and timings characterising a person, vehicle, or facility. Built up by persistent ISR (drones, satellite revisit, SIGINT), it underpins both targeting and force-protection decisions.
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    Payload
    The mission-specific equipment on a spacecraft (cameras, radar, transponders, scientific instruments) as opposed to the bus/platform subsystems that support it.
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    Payload Adapter
    The mechanical/electrical interface between launch vehicle upper stage and spacecraft. Provides structural support, separation mechanisms, and electrical connectivity during launch.
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    PBLPerformance-Based Logistics
    A sustainment strategy where the contractor is paid for system availability outcomes rather than individual spare parts or repair actions. Aligns contractor incentives with readiness.
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    PBNPerformance-Based Navigation
    A framework defining aircraft navigation requirements in terms of accuracy, integrity, and functionality rather than specific sensors.
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    PcProbability of Collision
    Numerical estimate (0–1) that two tracked space objects will occupy the same volume at TCA, computed from state vector covariance. Operators typically maneuver when Pc exceeds 1e-4 for crewed vehicles or 1e-5 for high-value assets.
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    PCAPhysical Configuration Audit
    A formal audit establishing that the as-built configuration of a system matches its technical documentation (drawings, specifications, test procedures).
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    PCDUPower Conditioning and Distribution Unit
    The unit that regulates bus voltage and switches power to spacecraft loads and subsystems.
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    PCMPulse-Code Modulation
    A method of digitally representing an analog signal by sampling and quantizing its amplitude.
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    PCSPermanent Change of Station
    The assignment or reassignment of a service member to a new duty station.
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    PDPeriscope Depth
    The shallow depth at which a submarine can raise its periscope and masts above the surface.
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    PD_DETProbability of Detection
    The probability that a radar declares a target present when a target actually exists, for a given threshold and signal level.
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    PDGSPayload Data Ground Segment
    The ground infrastructure that receives, processes, archives, and distributes satellite payload data.
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    PDRPreliminary Design Review
    A systems engineering milestone review evaluating preliminary design against requirements. Confirms the design can proceed to detailed design.
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    PDUPower Distribution Unit
    The unit that routes and switches conditioned electrical power to spacecraft subsystems and loads.
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    PDWPulse Descriptor Word
    Data record summarizing measured parameters of an intercepted radar pulse for downstream processing.
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    PEDProcessing, Exploitation and Dissemination
    Turning collected ISR data into usable intelligence.
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    PERPacket Error Rate
    The fraction of transmitted packets that are received in error.
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    Perception Stack
    Software pipeline that turns raw sensor measurements (lidar, camera, radar) into a world model — typically detection → tracking → classification → fusion → scene understanding. Output feeds the planner / control stack.
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    Perigee
    The point in an elliptical orbit closest to the central body (Earth). At perigee, the satellite travels at its maximum orbital velocity.
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    PERSTEMPOPersonnel Tempo
    The amount of time individual service members spend deployed or away from home station on duty.
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    PERTProgram Evaluation and Review Technique
    A project scheduling technique that estimates each task's duration as a weighted mean of optimistic, most-likely, and pessimistic values: (O + 4M + P) / 6. Developed for the US Navy Polaris programme in 1957.
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    Perturbation
    Any force causing a satellite's actual orbit to deviate from ideal Keplerian (two-body) motion. Sources include J2/geoid, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and third-body gravity.
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    PESAPassive Electronically Scanned Array
    Phased array steered electronically from a single transmitter.
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    PFAProbability of False Alarm
    The probability that a detector declares a target present when only noise or clutter is present.
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    PFDPrimary Flight Display
    The main cockpit display presenting attitude, airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical speed to the pilot.
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    PfPPartnership for Peace
    A NATO program of bilateral cooperation between the Alliance and individual partner countries.
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    PGMPrecision-Guided Munition
    Any munition using guidance (laser, GPS, inertial, infrared) to achieve high accuracy against a specific target. PGMs reduce collateral damage and required sortie counts compared to unguided weapons.
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    Phased Array
    An antenna composed of multiple radiating elements whose signals are combined with controlled phase shifts to electronically steer the beam without mechanical movement.
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    PHMPrognostics and Health Management
    The use of sensors and analytics to assess equipment health and predict remaining useful life.
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    PICPilot in Command
    The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft during flight.
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    PIDProportional-Integral-Derivative Controller
    The workhorse feedback control algorithm: output = Kp·e + Ki·∫e dt + Kd·de/dt. Tuning the three gains balances response speed, steady-state error, and damping. Foundation of attitude control, thrust vectoring, and almost every analogue servo.
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    PID Controller
    A proportional-integral-derivative feedback control algorithm. Kp corrects current error; Ki eliminates steady-state error; Kd damps oscillation. Widely used for spacecraft attitude control.
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    PIIPersonally Identifiable Information
    Data that can identify a specific individual, subject to privacy protection requirements.
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    PIIDProcurement Instrument Identifier
    The unique 13-character identifier assigned to every US federal contract action under the Procurement Integrated Enterprise Environment (PIEE). Format: 6-character DoDAAC + 2-digit fiscal year + 4-character serial.
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    PILProcessor-in-the-Loop
    Closed-loop test where the actual flight processor runs production-target binary against a simulated environment. Sits between SIL (host-CPU) and HITL (real hardware). Catches compiler / RTOS / WCET issues that SIL cannot.
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    PIMPosition and Intended Movement
    A ship’s planned track showing present position and future course and speed.
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    PIRPriority Intelligence Requirement
    Commander-designated intelligence needs critical to decision-making. PIRs focus collection and analysis on the most operationally significant information gaps.
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    PkProbability of Kill
    The probability that a single weapon engagement will destroy the target. Depends on weapon accuracy, warhead lethality, target vulnerability, and fuze effectiveness.
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    PKIPublic Key Infrastructure
    The set of policies, roles, and systems needed to create, distribute, manage, and revoke digital certificates. Includes certificate authorities, registration authorities, and certificate revocation lists.
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    PKOPeacekeeping Operations
    Military operations deployed with consent of all parties to monitor ceasefires, buffer zones, and DDR processes. Force limited to self-defence. Governed by UN Chapter VI, JP 3-07.3, and the UN Capstone Doctrine (2008). Distinct from peace enforcement (Chapter VII).
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    PLPhase Line
    A control measure, usually a recognizable terrain feature, used to coordinate and control operations.
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    PL (Phase Line)Phase Line
    Control measure (linear terrain feature or arbitrary line) used to coordinate manoeuvre and trigger pre-planned events. Always named (e.g., PL RED).
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    Planet
    EO operator with the largest commercial smallsat fleet — ~200 Doves (3 m optical) + SkySats (50 cm optical) + Pelican (high-rev). Sub-daily global revisit; tasking + archive APIs.
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    Plasma
    The fourth state of matter — ionised gas with free electrons and ions, electromagnetically responsive at the bulk level. Drives spacecraft surface charging in LEO/MEO, Hall-effect thrusters, and radio blackout during reentry.
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    PLFPayload Fairing
    The aerodynamic nose shroud that protects the payload during ascent and is jettisoned after atmospheric exit.
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    PLLPhase-Locked Loop
    A control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the input signal's phase. Essential for carrier recovery, clock synchronization, and frequency synthesis in satellite receivers.
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    PMPhase Modulation
    An analog modulation in which the carrier phase varies in proportion to the message signal.
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    PMCPartially Mission Capable
    Status indicating equipment can perform some but not all of its assigned missions.
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    PMCSPreventive Maintenance Checks and Services
    The routine operator and crew inspections and servicing performed to keep equipment mission ready.
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    PMDPost-Mission Disposal
    The maneuvers and passivation performed at end of life to remove a satellite from operational orbit per debris rules.
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    PMOPPhase Modulation on Pulse
    Phase modulation within a radar pulse, exploited for pulse compression and emitter fingerprinting.
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    PMSPlanned Maintenance System
    The standardized shipboard system scheduling and documenting preventive maintenance.
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    PMTPhotomultiplier Tube
    A vacuum device that detects and amplifies very weak light through secondary-electron emission.
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    PNTPosition, Navigation, and Timing
    The combined service provided by GNSS and complementary systems: where am I, which way am I going, and what time is it. Precise timing (≤100 ns) underpins financial transactions, power-grid synchronisation, and synchronised cellular networks.
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    PoEPower over Ethernet
    A standard that delivers electrical power to devices over the same Ethernet cabling as data.
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    Point Defense
    Air defence focused on a specific high-value asset (ship, base, leadership target), typically engaging short-range threats with rapid response. Distinguishes from area defence, which protects a broad volume.
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    POLPetroleum, Oils, and Lubricants
    The class of supply covering fuels, lubricants, and related petroleum products for operations.
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    Polar Orbit
    An orbit with inclination near 90 degrees, passing over both poles. Enables global coverage as Earth rotates beneath. Used for EO, weather, and reconnaissance.
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    Polarimetric SAR
    SAR transmitting/receiving in multiple polarisation combinations (HH, HV, VH, VV) to characterise scattering mechanisms and improve target classification.
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    Porkchop Plot
    A contour plot of launch energy (C3) as a function of departure and arrival dates for interplanetary transfer. Used to identify optimal launch windows.
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    PORTOPPort Operations
    The coordination of ship movements, berthing, logistics and services within a naval port.
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    Post-Quantum Cryptography
    A generation of cryptographic algorithms believed to resist attacks by large-scale quantum computers. NIST standardised the first set in 2024: ML-KEM (Kyber), ML-DSA (Dilithium), SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+). Migration driver: "store-now-decrypt-later" adversary collection.
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    Power Budget
    A spacecraft's end-to-end accounting of generated, stored, and consumed electrical power across each mission mode. Inputs: solar-array sizing, eclipse duration, battery DOD limits, harness/regulator losses, payload duty cycles. Outputs: array area, battery capacity, margin.
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    Power Bus
    The electrical distribution system on a spacecraft regulating and distributing power from solar arrays and batteries to all subsystems. Common architectures: unregulated, fully regulated.
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    PPEPersonal Protective Equipment
    Clothing and gear worn to protect the wearer from chemical, biological, physical, or radiological hazards.
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    PPIPlan Position Indicator
    A radar display presenting range and azimuth in a top-down polar map centered on the radar.
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    PPPPrecise Point Positioning
    A GNSS technique using precise satellite orbit and clock products to achieve centimetre-level positioning with a single receiver, without a local reference station.
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    PPUPower Processing Unit
    The electronics that convert bus power into the voltages and currents an electric thruster requires.
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    PQCPost-Quantum Cryptography
    Public-key algorithms resistant to Shor's algorithm on a large-scale quantum computer. NIST finalists (CRYSTALS-Kyber for KEM, CRYSTALS-Dilithium for signatures) standardised in 2024; government migration mandated by CNSA 2.0.
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    PRFPulse Repetition Frequency
    The rate at which radar pulses are transmitted. Determines maximum unambiguous range and maximum unambiguous Doppler. Critical trade-off in SAR system design.
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    PRIPulse Repetition Interval
    Time between successive radar pulses (1/PRF). Determines maximum unambiguous range. PRI analysis is fundamental to ELINT classification of threat radars.
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    Priority Date (ITU)
    The date on which an administration files an API or coordination request with the ITU for a satellite network's spectrum / orbital slot. Determines coordination order — earlier filers must be coordinated WITH, not the other way round.
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    Process Gain
    The SNR improvement achieved by a spread-spectrum system, equal to the bandwidth expansion factor (BWspread / BWdata). Direct-sequence systems gain Gp = 10·log10(N) where N is the chips-per-symbol.
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    Procurement Ethics
    Ethical conduct in supplier selection, contracting, and contract management — anti-bribery, conflicts of interest, fair-dealing, supplier-confidentiality, and sourcing from sanctioned entities. Codified in UK CIPS Code of Ethics and FAR Subpart 3.1.
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    Product Assurance
    The ECSS discipline covering reliability, maintainability, availability, safety, quality, and parts/material selection. Runs in parallel with systems engineering throughout the space project lifecycle (ECSS-Q series).
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    Programme Management
    The integrated management of a portfolio of related projects to achieve benefits not available from individual project management. Standards: PMI PgMP, Axelos MSP, MoP. Distinct from project management (single deliverable focus).
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    Project Management
    The discipline of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, and closing a temporary endeavour to deliver a unique product or service. PMBOK, PRINCE2, and Agile frameworks each formalise different operating styles for different contexts.
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    Proliferated LEO
    A defense architecture deploying large numbers of small satellites in LEO rather than few exquisite GEO assets. Improves resilience through redundancy and lowers replacement cost.
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    Proportional Navigation
    A missile guidance law that commands lateral acceleration proportional to the target line-of-sight rate. Optimal against a non-manoeuvring target with a perfect seeker. Augmented PN adds a target-acceleration term to handle high-g manoeuvres.
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    Proximity Fuse
    A sensor-triggered fuse that detonates a munition when it reaches a pre-set distance from a target. Dramatically increased the lethality of anti-aircraft artillery when introduced during WWII.
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    PrSMPrecision Strike Missile
    US Army next-generation surface-to-surface missile replacing ATACMS. Block 1 range ≥ 499 km; Block 2 adds multimode seeker for moving-target engagement; later blocks plan >1,000 km reach. Two rounds per HIMARS pod vs one ATACMS.
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    PSDPower Spectral Density
    The distribution of a signal power across frequency, expressed per unit bandwidth.
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    PSFPoint Spread Function
    The response of an imaging system to a point source, describing spatial blur and resolution.
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    PSKPhase-Shift Keying
    A digital modulation that encodes data by changing the phase of a carrier signal.
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    PSRPrimary Surveillance Radar
    A radar that detects aircraft by reflecting radio energy off the airframe, requiring no cooperative transponder.
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    Psychological Safety
    A team climate where members feel safe to take interpersonal risks — speaking up, admitting mistakes, challenging ideas without fear of punishment. Key driver of high performance.
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    PSYOPPsychological Operations
    Operations to convey selected information to audiences to influence their emotions, motives, and behavior.
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    PTPenetration Testing
    Authorized simulated attack that evaluates the security of a system by exploiting vulnerabilities.
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    PTSDPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder
    A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying or traumatic event.
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    Pulse Compression
    A radar processing technique that transmits a long frequency-modulated pulse and compresses the return via matched filtering to achieve the range resolution of a much shorter pulse with the energy of the long one.
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    Pulse-Doppler
    A radar architecture that uses the Doppler frequency shift of returns to separate moving targets from stationary ground clutter. Essential for airborne radar to detect low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles against ground clutter.
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    Purple Team
    A collaborative model where red and blue teams work together — red attacks, blue detects in real time, and both iterate on TTPs. Faster feedback than alternating red/blue exercises.
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    Pushbroom
    An EO sensor architecture using a linear detector array perpendicular to the flight direction, scanning the ground as the satellite moves. Contrasts with whiskbroom (single detector swept mechanically) and step-stare.
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    PV
    Planned Value — the budgeted cost of work scheduled to be done by now.
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    PWPulse Width
    Duration of a single radar pulse, a discriminating parameter used to fingerprint emitters.
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    PWMPulse-Width Modulation
    Encoding information or power level in the duty cycle width of a pulse train.
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    PWSPerformance Work Statement
    A statement of work that describes required results or outcomes rather than prescribing how the work must be performed. Allows contractor flexibility in approach.
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    Diagram

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