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    Terms beginning with E

    115 terms from the estate's acronym catalogue.

    EAElectronic Attack
    The division of electronic warfare involving offensive use of electromagnetic energy, directed energy, or anti-radiation weapons to degrade, neutralise, or destroy enemy combat capability and equipment.
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    EA (Engagement Area)Engagement Area
    A designated area where the commander masses fires and obstacles to destroy enemy forces. Always named (e.g., EA RAIDER) for command-and-control clarity. Distinct from EA (Electronic Attack) in EW doctrine.
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    EABEmergency Air Breathing
    A shipboard system supplying breathable air via masks during smoke or contamination casualties.
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    EAC
    Estimate at Completion — the forecast total cost based on performance to date.
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    EARExport Administration Regulations
    US export control regime (Commerce Dept) governing dual-use items on the Commerce Control List. Less restrictive than ITAR but still imposes significant compliance requirements.
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    EASEquivalent Airspeed
    Calibrated airspeed corrected for compressibility effects at a particular altitude.
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    EASAEuropean Union Aviation Safety Agency
    The European Union agency responsible for civil aviation safety regulation and certification.
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    Eb/N0Energy per Bit to Noise Power Spectral Density Ratio
    A normalised signal-to-noise measure independent of bandwidth and symbol rate. The fundamental x-axis of BER-vs-SNR plots used to compare modulation and coding schemes.
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    Eb/No
    Energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio. The fundamental measure of signal quality in digital communications, independent of data rate and bandwidth. Higher Eb/No yields lower BER.
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    EbN0Energy per bit to Noise power spectral density ratio
    A normalized SNR per bit used to compare digital modulation and coding performance.
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    ECAMElectronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor
    An Airbus system that monitors aircraft systems and displays status, warnings, and corrective procedures.
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    ECCElliptic Curve Cryptography
    Public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Provides equivalent security to RSA with much shorter keys: a 256-bit ECC key offers comparable security to a 3072-bit RSA key.
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    Eccentric Anomaly
    An auxiliary angle used in Kepler's equation (M = E − e·sin E) to relate mean anomaly to true anomaly. Geometrically defined on an auxiliary circle circumscribing the elliptical orbit.
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    Eccentricity
    An orbital element describing the shape of an orbit, ranging from 0 (circular) to just below 1 (highly elliptical). Determines the ratio of apogee to perigee altitude.
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    ECCMElectronic Counter-Countermeasures
    Techniques used by radar and communication systems to resist jamming and deception. Includes frequency agility, pulse compression, sidelobe cancellation, and adaptive nulling. Now formally part of Electronic Protection (EP).
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    ECDISElectronic Chart Display and Information System
    A navigation system displaying electronic charts integrated with position and sensor data.
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    ECEFEarth-Centered Earth-Fixed
    A reference frame that rotates with the Earth. The X-axis passes through the intersection of the prime meridian and equator. Used for ground-based positions and ground tracks.
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    Echelon
    A level of military command within a hierarchical force structure. From smallest to largest: fire team, squad, platoon, company, battalion, brigade, division, corps, field army, theater. Each echelon has defined command authority and capabilities.
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    ECIEarth-Centered Inertial
    A non-rotating reference frame centered at Earth's center with axes fixed relative to the stars. The X-axis points toward the vernal equinox. Standard frame for orbit propagation.
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    Eclipse
    The period during which a satellite passes through Earth's shadow. Affects power generation (no solar input), thermal control (rapid cooling), and communications (potential signal blockage).
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    ECLSSEnvironmental Control and Life Support System
    The crewed-spacecraft subsystem providing breathable atmosphere, water recovery, waste management, thermal control, and fire detection. ISS ECLSS recovers ~93% of water and ~50% of oxygen; lunar/Mars architectures push for closed-loop operation.
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    ECMElectronic Countermeasures
    Use of electromagnetic energy to deny an adversary effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum. Includes noise jamming, deception jamming, and chaff/flare dispensing.
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    ECPEngineering Change Proposal
    A formal proposal to change an approved configuration item, with rationale and impact analysis.
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    ECSEnvironmental Control System
    The aircraft system that provides cabin pressurization, air conditioning, and temperature control.
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    ECSSEuropean Cooperation for Space Standardisation
    The framework of standards governing European space programmes covering management, engineering, product assurance, and sustainability.
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    EDLEntry, Descent, and Landing
    The phase of a mission during which a spacecraft enters an atmosphere, descends, and lands on a surface.
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    EDREndpoint Detection and Response
    Cybersecurity technology that continuously monitors endpoint devices for suspicious activity, provides visibility into threats, and enables rapid investigation and response to incidents.
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    EEFIEssential Elements of Friendly Information
    Critical aspects of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would compromise the mission.
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    EEIEssential Elements of Information
    The most critical information requirements about the enemy and environment needed by a commander.
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    EEZExclusive Economic Zone
    A sea zone extending up to 200 nautical miles where a coastal state has special resource rights.
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    Effects Synchronisation
    The deliberate timing of capabilities (kinetic, non-kinetic, information) across domains so that their effects converge on the adversary at the decisive time and place. The synchronisation matrix is the planner's primary deconfliction tool.
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    EFISElectronic Flight Instrument System
    A cockpit display system that presents flight and navigation data on electronic screens instead of mechanical gauges.
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    EFPEnhanced Forward Presence
    NATO’s multinational battlegroups deployed to eastern member states to deter aggression.
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    EGMEarth Gravitational Model
    A high-order model of Earth's gravity field used for precise orbit propagation and geoid definition.
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    EGM2008Earth Gravitational Model 2008
    A high-resolution geopotential model providing an improved global geoid for height reference.
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    EGM96Earth Gravitational Model 1996
    A geopotential model defining a geoid used to convert ellipsoidal heights to mean-sea-level elevations.
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    EGPWSEnhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
    An enhanced terrain-warning system that uses a worldwide terrain database to provide predictive terrain alerts.
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    EHFExtremely High Frequency
    Radio band from 30 to 300 GHz used for high-bandwidth and low-probability-of-intercept links.
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    EICASEngine Indicating and Crew Alerting System
    A display system that shows engine parameters and system alerts to the flight crew.
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    EIGRPEnhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
    A Cisco advanced distance-vector routing protocol using the DUAL convergence algorithm.
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    EIRPEffective Isotropic Radiated Power
    The product of transmitter power and antenna gain, representing the power that would need to be radiated isotropically to produce the same signal strength in the direction of maximum gain.
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    Eisenhower Matrix
    A priority framework classifying tasks on urgent × important axes into four quadrants. Attributed to Dwight D. Eisenhower: "What is important is seldom urgent, and what is urgent is seldom important."
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    EKFExtended Kalman Filter
    A recursive nonlinear estimator that fuses sensor data to determine spacecraft attitude and orbit state.
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    Electric Propulsion
    Propulsion using electrical energy to accelerate propellant (ions/plasma) to very high exhaust velocities. Isp of 1,000-10,000 s but very low thrust, suited for station-keeping and spiral orbit transfers.
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    Elevation Mask
    The minimum elevation angle below which a satellite or aircraft is considered unusable due to multipath, atmospheric noise, or terrain blockage. Typical GPS receivers mask below 5–10°; precision survey work tightens this to 15°.
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    ELFExtremely Low Frequency
    The radio band from 3 to 30 Hz, used for submarine communication through seawater.
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    ELINTElectronic Intelligence
    Intelligence derived from non-communications electromagnetic emissions, primarily radar. Characterises emitter parameters (frequency, PRI, pulse width, scan type) to identify and locate threat systems.
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    ELNOTElectronic Intelligence Notation
    Standardized alphanumeric code that identifies a specific radar emitter signal in ELINT databases.
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    ELTEmergency Locator Transmitter
    A device that transmits a distress signal to aid search and rescue in locating a downed aircraft.
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    EMCElectromagnetic Compatibility
    The ability of a system to operate without causing or suffering from unacceptable electromagnetic interference. EMC testing verifies conducted and radiated emissions/susceptibility per MIL-STD-461G or ECSS-E-ST-20-07.
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    EMCONEmission Control
    The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic emitters to minimise detection by adversary electronic support systems. Ranges from Level I (all emissions off) to Level III (unrestricted).
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    EMDEngineering and Manufacturing Development
    The acquisition phase that develops, integrates, and demonstrates a system before production.
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    EME2000Earth Mean Equator and Equinox of J2000
    The standard inertial reference frame tied to the mean equator and equinox at the J2000 epoch.
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    EMI/EMC Chamber
    Shielded enclosure for testing electromagnetic emissions (EMI — does the system radiate excessively?) and susceptibility (EMC — can it tolerate external fields?). Qualification per MIL-STD-461 / DO-160. Typical sizes 3×3×3 m to 10×10×10 m.
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    EMSElectromagnetic Spectrum
    The range of electromagnetic frequencies used and contested for sensing, communications, and effects.
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    EMSOElectromagnetic Spectrum Operations
    Coordinated military activities to exploit, attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic operational environment.
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    EMTEmergency Medical Technician
    A trained provider who delivers basic emergency medical care and transport for the sick and injured.
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    EMWExpeditionary Maneuver Warfare
    A naval concept combining maneuver from the sea with expeditionary operations ashore.
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    EN1 / EN2Enemy Position 1 / 2
    Sequentially numbered enemy positions identified on the far side of a breach or within an engagement area. Used to coordinate suppressive fires and assault objectives.
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    Encryption
    The transformation of plaintext into ciphertext using a cryptographic key, such that only key-holders can recover the original. Symmetric (AES, ChaCha20) and asymmetric (RSA, ECC) flavours; modern systems combine both via hybrid schemes.
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    END STATEEnd State
    The set of conditions that defines achievement of the commander’s objectives and mission success.
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    Engagement Area
    An area along an expected enemy avenue of approach where the commander intends to concentrate fires to destroy an enemy force. Typically defined in defensive operations with pre-planned fires, mines, and obstacles.
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    Engineering Ethics
    The application of ethical principles to engineering practice — public welfare, honesty, competence, conflicts of interest. Codified by ABET, NSPE, IEEE, and discipline-specific bodies. Mandatory study area in most accredited engineering programmes.
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    ENOBEffective Number of Bits
    A measure of an analog-to-digital converter’s real resolution accounting for noise and distortion.
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    ENUEast-North-Up
    Local tangent-plane coordinate frame variant with Z pointing up. Preferred in western C2 systems and most mapping/GIS tools where positive altitude is intuitive.
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    EOEarth Observation
    The acquisition of information about Earth's surface and atmosphere from space using optical, infrared, or radar sensors. Applications include mapping, agriculture, disaster monitoring, and climate science.
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    EO-IRElectro-Optical / Infrared
    Combined visible-band and thermal-infrared sensor suite typical of ISR payloads on UAVs, gunships, and satellites. EO provides imagery and motion; IR adds night/obscurant penetration and thermal contrast.
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    EO/IRElectro-Optical / Infrared
    Combined visible-light and thermal-infrared sensor payload. EO provides daytime imagery and identification; IR detects thermal contrast for night, smoke, and camouflage penetration. Standard ISR payload on tactical UAS and gimbals.
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    EOBElectronic Order of Battle
    Catalog of an adversary electronic emitters, their locations, characteristics, and associated platforms or units.
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    EOBTEstimated Off-Block Time
    The estimated time at which an aircraft will begin moving away from the gate for departure.
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    EOCEmergency Operations Center
    A facility that coordinates response and support during emergencies and defense support of civil authorities.
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    EODExplosive Ordnance Disposal
    The detection, identification, evaluation, rendering safe, and final disposal of unexploded ordnance, including IEDs. EOD teams work with robots and protective suits to minimise personnel exposure.
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    EOHEngine Operating Hours
    The cumulative running hours logged by an engine, used to schedule maintenance and track life.
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    EOIRElectro-Optical/Infrared
    A combined sensor suite spanning visible and infrared bands for day/night imaging and targeting.
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    EOLEnd of Life
    Spacecraft performance/condition at the end of its operational lifetime.
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    EOOWEngineering Officer of the Watch
    The officer in charge of the engineering plant and propulsion during a watch.
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    EOPEarth Orientation Parameters
    Measured quantities (polar motion, UT1-UTC) needed to transform precisely between inertial and Earth-fixed frames.
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    EOQEconomic Order Quantity
    The order size that minimizes the combined cost of ordering and holding inventory.
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    EOREarth Orbit Rendezvous
    Mission architecture assembling/refuelling in Earth orbit before departure.
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    EPElectronic Protection
    The division of electronic warfare comprising measures to protect friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum from adversary EW. Includes ECCM, LPI/LPD techniques, emission control, and spectrum management.
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    EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency
    The U.S. agency that develops and enforces regulations to protect human health and the environment.
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    EPFExpeditionary Fast Transport
    A high-speed shallow-draft catamaran for rapid intra-theater sealift of troops and cargo.
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    EPLRSEnhanced Position Location Reporting System
    A US Army secure, jam-resistant data radio network for position reporting and tactical data.
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    EPSElectrical Power System
    Generates, stores and distributes spacecraft electrical power.
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    EPTElectrothermal Propulsion Thruster
    A thruster that electrically heats propellant, such as a resistojet or arcjet, for modest efficiency gains.
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    EPWEnemy Prisoner of War
    A captured enemy combatant detained and afforded protections under the law of armed conflict.
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    EQEmotional Intelligence
    The ability to recognise, understand, and manage one's own emotions and those of others. Core competencies: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, social skills.
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    ERPEffective Radiated Power
    Total power radiated by an antenna relative to a reference antenna, accounting for antenna gain.
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    ESElectronic Support
    The division of electronic warfare involving passive search, intercept, identification, and localisation of electromagnetic emissions for intelligence, threat warning, and targeting. Inherently covert as it requires no transmission.
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    ESAEuropean Space Agency
    Intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states coordinating European civil space activities. Programmes include Copernicus, Galileo, science, and human spaceflight.
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    ESBExpeditionary Signal Battalion
    A battalion that provides deployable communications and network support to a force.
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    ESCORTEscort (Screening) Operations
    The protection of high-value or merchant ships by combatants screening against threats.
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    Escort Jamming
    Jamming by dedicated aircraft (EA-18G Growler, EC-130H Compass Call) protecting a strike package. Projects high-power noise or deception at longer range to suppress threats before the strike enters their envelope.
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    ESDElectrostatic Discharge
    A sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, short-circuit, or dielectric breakdown. In space, surface charging from plasma can cause ESD arcing that damages electronics and solar cells.
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    ESGExpeditionary Strike Group
    An amphibious task group combining amphibious ships, escorts and an embarked Marine unit.
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    ESMEffects Synchronisation Matrix
    A joint planning tool that maps all planned effects (kinetic, cyber, EW, information) against timelines and target sets across domains. Ensures deconfliction and coordinated timing.
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    EsN0Energy per symbol to Noise power spectral density ratio
    A normalized SNR per symbol used to characterize modulation performance.
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    ESPAEELV Secondary Payload Adapter
    A standardised ring adapter between launch vehicle upper stage and primary payload, providing ports for up to six secondary payloads of ~180 kg each.
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    ESSMEvolved Sea Sparrow Missile
    Medium-range semi-active/active radar homing ship-launched surface-to-air missile providing area defense against anti-ship missiles and aircraft.
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    ESTRACKEuropean Space Tracking Network
    ESA's network of ground stations (Kiruna, Redu, Cebreros, Malargüe, New Norcia).
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    ETAEstimated Time of Arrival
    The predicted time a vessel will arrive at a destination or waypoint.
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    ETC
    Estimate to Complete — the forecast cost of the remaining work.
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    ETDEstimated Time of Departure
    The predicted time a vessel will get underway from port or a station.
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    Ethical Leadership
    A leadership style centred on integrity, fairness, ethical decision-making, and visible role-modelling of values. Shown in research to cascade — middle managers replicate the ethics they observe from the top, for better or worse.
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    ETOPSExtended-range Twin-engine Operations
    Rules permitting twin-engine airliners to fly long over-water routes.
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    ETSExpiration Term of Service
    The date on which a service member’s current enlistment contract ends.
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    ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute
    A European standards organization producing telecom standards including GSM and TETRA.
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    Euler Angles
    Three successive rotations (roll, pitch, yaw) describing the orientation of one coordinate frame relative to another. Subject to gimbal lock when pitch approaches ±90°.
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    EV
    Earned Value — the budgeted cost of the work actually completed so far.
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    EVAExtravehicular Activity
    Crewed activity outside a spacecraft's pressurised volume — a "spacewalk" on ISS, "moonwalk" on Apollo. Drives suit pressure, joint mobility, thermal control, and tether/SAFER-jetpack design. ISS EVAs typically run 6–7 hours.
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    EVMEarned Value Management
    A project management methodology integrating scope, schedule, and cost data. Key metrics: SPI (Schedule Performance Index), CPI (Cost Performance Index), EAC (Estimate at Completion).
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    EWElectronic Warfare
    Military operations involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum to attack (EA), protect (EP), or surveil (ES). Includes jamming, deception, anti-radiation weapons, and signals intelligence.
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    EWSKEast-West Station Keeping
    Maneuvers correcting the longitude drift of a geostationary satellite within its assigned box.
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    EXORDExecute Order
    An order issued by proper authority to initiate a military operation or transition to a new phase.
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    Expeditionary Basing
    Operating from austere, dispersed locations rather than permanent main operating bases. Reduces targeting vulnerability and complicates adversary planning at the cost of logistics and sustainment overhead.
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