- 3GPP — 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- A consortium that develops mobile telecom standards including UMTS, LTE, and 5G NR.
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- 3PL — Third-Party Logistics
- The outsourcing of transportation, warehousing, and fulfillment to an external service provider.
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- 4PL — Fourth-Party Logistics
- A provider that manages and integrates an entire supply chain, coordinating multiple 3PLs.
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- 5 Whys
- A root-cause analysis technique that asks "why" recursively until a fundamental cause is identified. Originally a Toyota Production System tool; widely adopted for incident post-mortems and quality engineering.
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- Diagram
- 5G — Fifth Generation mobile network
- The fifth-generation cellular standard delivering higher throughput, low latency, and dense connectivity.
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- 8-PSK — 8-Phase Shift Keying
- A digital modulation scheme encoding 3 bits per symbol using 8 phase states. Offers higher spectral efficiency than QPSK but requires ~4 dB higher SNR for the same BER.
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- 2D animationTry it: Waveform Generator
- 8PSK — 8-ary Phase-Shift Keying
- A PSK scheme carrying three bits per symbol using eight distinct carrier phases.
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- ΔV — Delta-V
- Change in velocity required for an orbital maneuver, measured in m/s or km/s.
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